Molecular Beacons of Xeno-Nucleic Acid for Detecting Nucleic Acid . Role of new technologies, particularly, nanobiotechnology in development of biochip/microarray is described. Genomics & Proteomics Based Drug DISCOVERY Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M.Pharm., Ph. The track of nucleic acid greatly helped us study biological evolution, gene analysis, disease diagnosis, as well as drug discovery. small molecule interactions, among others. 728 P. Wu et al. Role of biochip technology in drug discovery and development as well as in personalized medicine is also discussed. Then, we discuss the different detection methods that have been introduced to analyze binding events on carbohydrate microarrays. 1–10 This incredible molecule has many functions; however, its main role is the long-term storage of genetic information. acid type Immobilized nucleic acid size (bp) Surface Printing Macroarray 100-500 >300 cDNA, PCR product >400 activated glass, nitrocellulose or nylon filter usually manually Microarray 1000-200000 80-300 cDNA, PCR product, oligonucleotide >50 activated glass spotted (printing robot, inkjet) or in situ synthesis Table 1. PNA probes are known to be more efficient and selective in binding DNA sequences than the analogous oligonucleotides and are very suitable to be used for diagnostics in food. and specifically addresses detection, identification, and genotyping of infectious pathogens, as well as antimicrobial drug resistance determinants. Utilization is applied to an increasing range of applications including diagnostics in bench-top research to the clinical arena, genomic screening for drug discovery to toxicology, screening for contamination to identification. novel nucleic acid microarrays can be used to improve the study of DNA and RNA structure, gene expression, drug discovery and , and treatment of various development diseases. Pharmaceutical companies have adopted high-data-capacity microarrays in drug discovery research for applications such as target identification, target validation and pathway analysis, compound profiling, and toxicology studies. nucleic acids, Z-DNA, DNA microarrays, quadruplex and triplex DNA. Technological advancements, particularly in the areas listed above, will further the contribution of protein microarrays in drug screening and biomarker discovery for improved patient care. are devoted to applications in drug discovery and development as well as personalized medicine The report provides current share of each segment: market size in 2012 and projected value for the years 2017 and 2022. Previous … or antibody (immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, etc.) DNA plays a vital role in the process of gene expression. DNA Microarrays in Herbal Drug Research Preeti Chavan, Kalpana Joshi and Bhushan Patwardhan Bioprospecting Laboratory, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India Natural products are gaining increased applications in drug discovery and development. Techniques relied on the use of nucleic acid (in situ hybridization, Northern blotting, RNase protection, etc.) Viral Nucleic Acid Extraction . Nucleic acids are no longer considered inert macromolecules. 3:35 Chemistry of Printed Nucleic Acid Microarrays Dr. Brian Ward, Principal Investigator Sigma-Aldrich Corporation Printing nucleic acids on glass microscope slides is a routine part of a microarray experiment. Functional protein microarrays find applications in high throughput disease biomarker discovery, understanding the incidence and role of post translational modifications (PTMs) in disease pathology, investigating activity and function of enzymes, protein?protein and protein? In the drug‐discovery process, microarrays have the potential to play a role in all stages, from new target discovery through compound profiling and safety assessment. obtained in a library from oligo-DNA vendors and printed onto solid substrate. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: APA. Stoakes, Shelley Farrar. 7. Microarrays allow researchers to gain an unprecedented understanding of the function and regulation of genes, and are transforming virtually all areas of biological research. Science courses offered in this track focus on underlying disease mechanisms and identification of drugs for biopharmaceutical targets. Nucleic acid amplification and detection have become the most widely used technique for conducting biological research. Protein microarrays are mainly applied to protein function studies, screening the production of antibodies and recombinant proteins , discovery of proteins implicated in disease or those that are potential drug targets, rapid detection or diagnosis of disease (18,19) screening for protein–protein, DNA–protein and enzyme–substrate interactions (20,21). The genetic information used in the growth and operation of living organisms is contained in DNA, a specific type of nucleic acid molecule. Small Molecule Microarrays for Drug Discovery. 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