Caption: A new report, “Convergence: The Future of Health,” draws on insights from scientists and researchers across academia, industry, and government. Information hazard policy Potent research and development, such as research into AI, biotech, or x-risks, have risks of negative direct and indirect effects. Nanotechnology It entails integrating knowledge, methods, and expertise from different disciplines and forming novel frameworks to catalyze scientific discovery and innovation. by Kluwer, currently Springer, Dordrecht, 2000 (available on: Roco, M.C. The Center seeks to combine bio-catalysis and chemical catalysis CBiRC to create powerful systems that have the potential to nurture a sustainable bio-based chemical industry. All content is posted anonymously by employees working at Convergence Research. The media undertakes a vital function in the society. NSF identifies Convergence Research as having two primary characteristics: From its inception, the convergence paradigm intentionally brings together intellectually-diverse researchers to develop effective ways of communicating across disciplines by adopting common frameworks and a new scientific language, which may, in turn, afford solving the problem that engendered the collaboration, developing novel ways of framing research questions, and opening new research vistas. The field of atmospheric science has traditionally been organized around three discretely separate scales of analysis: small scale (100 times smaller than the earth); medium scale- (earth scale); large scale-(whole atmosphere). Password. Convergent validity and divergent validity are ways to assess the construct validity of a measurement procedure (Campbell & Fiske, 1959). If you are unsure what construct validity is, we recommend you first read: Construct validity.Convergent validity helps to establish construct validity when you use two different measurement procedures and research … The Centers have proven to be an excellent mechanism to foster and develop convergent approaches. The types of synthesis design developed are, as yet, theoretical; they have not been tested on a large sample of reviews. Convergence, in mathematics, property (exhibited by certain infinite series and functions) of approaching a limit more and more closely as an argument (variable) of the function increases or decreases or as the number of terms of the series increases.. For example, the function y = 1/x converges to zero as x increases. Engineering, through its major components of mechanical, chemical, biomedical and electrical engineering, played a central role not only in developing the tools and creating nanoscale materials, devices and systems, but also energizing and coordinating the collaborative efforts across disciplines and fields of relevance. Monitor and mitigate noise pollution in cities. Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute: The Janelia Farm Research Campus, which opened in 2006, represents an example in which a convergent research culture was created from the ground up outside the confines of an existing university structure. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN THE EMERGING FIELD OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGYÂÂ, Roco MC 2002. On the bottom part of the figure (Observation) w… Our legacy will be a rich body of intellectual achievement, newly developed materials and engineered systems, and highly educated students, researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders in clean water, and to become the preeminent source of knowledge for advanced materials and systems in water purification.” [2] 13, 427-445. This division presents major challenges when trying to understand the role of clouds in climate simulation, because clouds are many times smaller than the grid cells used in the climate models. 2016. J Nanopart Res 4:9-19, Roco MC and Bainbridge WS 2013. NSF Investments in Synthetic Biology The new world of discovery, invention, and innovation: convergence of knowledge, technology, and society. Coherence and divergence of megatrends in science and engineering. Handbook of Science and Technology Convergence, Springer Reference, Berlin. Synthetic Biology Convergence theory is an opposing theory to the contagion crowd behavior theory, which proposed that people tend to get caught up in the attitude and behavior of the crowd. A convergence between the life sciences, physical sciences, computer sciences, and engineering is driving research in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Many of the entertainment examples, for instance, have to do with video, virtual reality and the Internet connecting and providing an altogether new experience. These cues involve convergence and retinal disparity. The convergence theory in sociology would say that certain crowds are violent because the people who formed the crowd wanted to promote violence in the first place. CBiRC believes it can enable the growth of the nascent bio-based chemical industry with key bio-based foundational intermediates that deliver an array of drop-in chemistry or similar functionality to existing fossil-carbon-based chemicals. Menon (2006) offers one final example of how convergence has been defined by focusing simply on the technological aspect of convergence. This work is being funded through NSF's Science and Technoly Center program. The Third Revolution: The Convergence of the Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, and Engineering, MIT 2016. Our budget project was cited in a blog post by The Brookings Institution! Cite this document Summary. Hersam, “Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020”, Springer, 2011, 600p. Available on, Roco, M.C., 2016, “Building foundational knowledge and infrastructure for nanotechnology: 2000-2030”, in, NSTC (National Science and Technology Council)/White House. NNI cumulatively totals over $22 billion since the inception of the NNI in 2001. Credit: Janet Sinn-Hanlon, DesignGroup@VetMed for the Center for This new program has in turn strengthened internal collaborative efforts at NSF between Engineering and programs in the Physical, Biological and Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences. The availability of more powerful computers, available only in the past 10 years, has enabled researchers to attack old problems in new ways by addressing the conceptually and computationally complex research issues that had stymied discovery in the past. Convergence investigates examples of organizations that have established mechanisms to support convergent research. The results of this study are intended to inform those who might support efforts to develop curricula and materials; faculty and university administrators; industries with needs for CPS workers; and current and potential students about intellectual foundations, workforce requirements, employment opportunities, and curricular needs [4]. AAAS. A second IDEAS lab with a focus on Improving Photosynthesis was held in 2011 in collaboration with the British Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). It can make it harder for you to see the distance whenever you have retinal disparity. If you need help writing your assignment, please use our research paper writing service and buy a paper on any topic at affordable price. Edited by Mihail C. Roco and William Sims Bainbridge, National Science Foundation. Our data and analytics are sourced from 15,000 Form ADV’s and Brochures filed by Non-Exempt and Exempt Investment Advisors for the 12 months ended March 31, 2015. Synthetic biology offers promise as a tool to address key challenges such as food security and sustainable energy. Convergence is a non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to help promote dialogue and solve problems across the political divide on issues of national consequence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Converging Knowledge, Technology and Society: Beyond Convergence of Nano-Bio- Info-Cognitive Technologies, edited by M.C. Convergence Research, Inc. P.O. CBN played a major role in the development of the field of behavioral neuroscience. About 45% of the nanotechnology awards are at the confluence with at least another foundational science and technology domain - biotechnology, information technology and cognitive sciences.  Approximately 10,000 students and teachers will be educated and trained in NSE in FY 2015. Bainbridge, B. Tonn and G. Whitesides, National Science Foundation/World Technology Evaluation Center report, Springer 2013, Boston (available on. Box 498892 Cincinnati, OH 45249-8892. info@convergenceresearch.com Phone: 866.606.4023 Fax: 866.945.9369 [6], NSF Investments in Nanotechnology [6] Nanotechnology is a foundational, general purpose science and technology for all domains of knowledge and the economy dealing with matter, and for which a long-term vision (2000-2030) [10] for disciplines convergence, science-based nanosystems integration, and creation of new converging technology platforms was formulated in 1999-2000 [10-12]. Media Convergence. Convergence research and the Science of Team Science undergird the work of CONVERGE, which is led by a social scientist and brings together networks of researchers from geotechnical engineering, the social sciences, structural engineering, nearshore systems, operations and systems engineering, sustainable material management, and interdisciplinary science and engineering. When a group of people forms in an emotionally charged situation, contagion theory states that if you join them, you will tend to become part of them and start to think similarly to the group. Multi-scale modeling of atmospheric processes created a new activity with the discipline of atmospheric sciences. The cover of the report is an image of lungs, one of the major sites of metastasis. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Center for Behavioral Neuroscience (CBN) is an interdisciplinary research consortium of seven institutions in Atlanta, Georgia (Georgia State University, Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Morehouse School of Medicine, and the three schools in the Atlanta University Center: Clark Atlanta University, Morehouse College, and Spelman College). Any data conveyed to you by this website is confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is assigned. Recently, another term – convergence research – is at the forefront of research opportunities coming out of a number of federal agencies. We theorize that all four items reflect the idea of self esteem (this is why I labeled the top part of the figure Theory). It seeks to build a foundation for synthetic biology, and its mission statement reflects a convergence strategy: The Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, CBiRC [4], was established in 2008 as an NSF Engineering Research Center at Iowa State University. The retinal disparity is the distance between two different objects. In 2012 the NSF Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) instituted a new program in the area of Systems and Synthetic Biology (SSB). They promote scientific advances on complex research problems that benefit from a sustained interaction among disciplines, and they facilitate the formation of teams to address research challenges in areas of national priority. These groups have focused on the neuroscience of affiliation, aggression, fear, reproduction and memory and cognition.  [3] NSF (National Science Foundation). The STC program is one of the principal means by which NSF has provided support for emerging fields of scientific and technological inquiry, especially those that cross over the organizational domains of established NSF directorates and offices. Growing Convergence Research (GCR) Webinar - January 2020 (PowerPoint Presentation), National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, USA Tel: (703) 292-5111, FIRS: (800) 877-8339 | TDD: (800) 281-8749, National Science Foundation - Where Discoveries Begin, Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE), Environmental Research and Education (ERE), International Science and Engineering (OISE), Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE), Responsible and Ethical Conduct of Research, Proposal and Award Policies and Procedures Guide (PAPPG), Award Statistics (Budget Internet Info System), National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), Growing Convergence Research (GCR) Webinar - January 2020 (PowerPoint Presentation), Proposal & Award Policies Procedures Guide (PAPPG). The Center employs a convergence approach in bringing together computer scientists, cognitive scientists, and neuroscientists to work in close collaboration. Through research groups called Collaboratories CBN scientists build synergistic inter-disciplinary partnerships among investigators using different models, technologies and approaches. This perspective stems from the pragmatic foundations for conducting mixed methods research where the notion of “what works” applies well to selecting the methods that “work” best to address a study’s problem and questions. A convergence among the life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering is driving the emerging field of synthetic biology, which aims to construct new biological entities and redesign existing ones. Glassdoor gives you an inside look at what it's like to work at Convergence Research, including salaries, reviews, office photos, and more. Also check our tips on how to write a research paper, see the lists of research paper topics, and browse research paper examples. By abstracting from the particulars of specific systems and application domains, the CPS program seeks to reveal cross-cutting fundamental scientific and engineering principles that underpin the integration of cyber and physical elements across all application sectors. Driven by the need for standardized and sustainable biological parts, synthetic biology applies engineering principles to achieve high levels of control in manipulating or creating new cells and organisms. For instance, Item 1 might be the statement “I feel good about myself” rated using a 1-to-5 Likert-type response format. In September 2016 the National Science Foundation (NSF) announced three, five-year "Frontier" awards, totaling more than $13 million, to advance cyber-physical systems (CPS) -- engineered systems that integrate computational and physical components to improve productivity, efficiency and the quality of life [3]. Nanotechnology and its offspring comprise the most thoroughly studied examples of convergence. Most of the examples of convergence programs and institutes discussed in Chapter 4 were established around a core subset of life, physical, medical, and engineering sciences. Therefore, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of how reviews The center brought an identity, credibility, and expansion to the field of behavioral neuroscience, and in the process created a brand name.” [1] Frontier projects are designed to address CPS challenges that cannot be achieved by smaller efforts. This report discusses details of current programs, how organizations have chosen to measure success, and what has worked and not worked in varied settings. (Available on: https://www.nsf.gov/crssprgm/nano/reports/MCR_11-0201_JNR13_NNI+at+10+years_11051_2010_192_print.pdf), Roco, M.C., C.A. Available on: http://www.nano.gov/sites/default/files/pub_resource/nni_fy17_budget_supplement.pdf. The Center for Brains, Minds and Machines (CBMM) [5] is a Science and Technology Center focused on the interdisciplinary study of intelligence. An excellent way to see if a test is doing what it should is by seeing if it shows similarities to related assessments. Biological machines call "bio-bots" are a fusion of biology and engineering. GCR solicitation NSF 19-551, Additional Resources The National Science Foundation has supported transformative research in synthetic biology for over a decade. Growing Convergence Research at the National Science Foundation (NSF) was identified in 2016 as one of 10 Big Ideas for Future NSF Investments. 2016. Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance: NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOTECHNOLOGY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COGNITIVE SCIENCE. The program seeks to encourage a cross-disciplinary, more theory-driven science and to use synthetic biology approaches to probe fundamental questions in biology. The goals of the Center are grounded in a belief that the challenges in increasing potable water supplies can be solved by focusing on the basic science of the aqueous interface, and developing advanced materials and systems that exploit the unique physics and chemistry at the interface. SynBerc is a multi-institutional consortium with faculty members from UC-Berkeley, Stanford, Harvard, MIT, and UCS. Science and technology convergence: with emphasis for nanotechnology-inspired convergence J Nanopart Res (2016) 18:211. The Center adopted a novel convergence strategy that initially built upon the expertise of researchers in material science, mechanical engineering, and chemistry who are not part of the traditional water research community. The Foundation’s primary investment in CPS is through the Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) Solicitation 17-529. We will highlight a few here. To achieve this, we developed and continue to enhance a comprehensive, scalable, high quality process with best-in-class technology. 1. [3], NAS. IFRS and GAAP Convergence Name of Instructor Institution’s Name IFRS and GAAP Convergence 1.0 Introduction The General Motors Corporation (GM) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer. Any data conveyed to you by this website is confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is assigned. In the lecture entitled Sequences of random variables and their convergence we explained that different concepts of convergence are based on different ways of measuring the distance between two random variables (how "close to each other" two random variables are). American Association for the Advancement of Science. seek out further examples of media convergence in action, perhaps applying what follows to their scholarly background (be that arts, humanities, social science, or the The energy and drive of the crowd takes over your own rationality, driving you into an irrational state. The annual U.S. and global revenue growth rate increased from about 25% during 2001-2010 to about 40% during 2010-2014, suggesting that this recent interval is the beginning of the ascendant section of the S-development curve.” [10], National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, USA Tel: (703) 292-5111, FIRS: (800) 877-8339 | TDD: (800) 281-8749, National Science Foundation - Where Discoveries Begin, Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE), Environmental Research and Education (ERE), International Science and Engineering (OISE), Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE), Responsible and Ethical Conduct of Research, Proposal and Award Policies and Procedures Guide (PAPPG), Award Statistics (Budget Internet Info System), National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES). See for example, [1-11]. The Center for Emergent Behavior of Integrated Cellular Systems ’ mission is to create a new scientific discipline for building living, multi-cellular machines that solve real world problems in health, security, and the environment. Synthetic biology is a set of ideas, tools, and techniques integrating engineering and biology. In 2012 the NSF began its participation in ERASynBio [5], an international initiative of funding agencies to promote the development of Synthetic Biology and to cultivate and coordinate national efforts and funding programs. To help protect the lungs (blue) from this deadly process, bioengineers have created microscopic drug depots (red) to focus the effect of anti-cancer … Convergence Research provides Consumer Reporting Agencies (CRA’s) with fast, economical wholesale pre-employment and pre-tenant research including criminal and civil records searches, database searches, address and driving records histories. NSF supports nanoscale science and engineering throughout all the research and education directorates at a level about $490 million in FY 2015 as a means to advance discovery, invention, and innovation and to integrate various fields of research. Funding opportunities NSF asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to study the topic, organize workshops, and prepare interim and final reports examining the need for and content of a CPS education. Improve the capabilities of autonomous vehicles. In addition, the Small Business Innovative Research and the Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) programs invited proposals with translational potential in synthetic biology. Convergence in distribution of a sequence of random variables. The NSF Engineering Directorate has made investments in synthetic biology through their core programs, as well as through special competitions in the Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation (EFRI) program. Technological convergence is the merging of technologies that allows us to access previously inaccessible technologies on one device. Technology Convergence Examples: The Underlying Mechanism Many of the previous examples of convergence mentioned have come about because of technology convergence. 2011. This is the NSF’s contribution to the multiagency National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI, $1.5 billion in FY 2015) encompasses the systematic understanding, organization, manipulation, and control of matter at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels in the size range of about 1 to 100 nanometers [11]. This is the central concept of convergent validity. NSF Science and Technology Centers (STC) "Convergence is a broad rethinking of how all scientific research can be conducted, so that we capitalize on a range of knowledge bases, from microbiology to computer science to engineering design," MIT Institute Professor and Nobel Laureate Phillip Sharp, one … The new NSF-funded projects will develop technologies to: In these projects researchers from the computer science and engineering fields will partner with scholars in urban planning, materials science, music and other non-traditional domains to design solutions that can be applied to new environments and tasks. A historical summary of NSF investments in synthetic biology has been compiled by Dr. Susanne von Bodman, Program Director for the NSF Systems and Synthetic Biology program and Dr. Theresa Good, Deputy Division Director for the Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences. This sample Convergence Theory Research Paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. In 2008 NSF also collaborated with the UK Physical Science Research Council to organize an intensive workshop (an IDEAS Lab or Sandpit) in synthetic biology. Roco, M.C., R.S. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) Quickly identify and overcome problems in manufacturing environments. Mirkin and M.C. In CPS systems, the joint behavior of the “cyber” and “physical” elements of the system is critical - computing, control, sensing and networking can be deeply integrated into every component, and the actions of components and systems must be safe and interoperable. [2] The goal of the CPS program is to develop the core system science needed to engineer complex cyber-physical systems that people can use or interact with and depend upon. 1. Important challenges in a number of sectors are now being addressed by CPS research [1]: NSF Investments in Cyber-Physical Systems They estimate the total US investment in Synthetic Biology during the period 2006- 2013 to be in excess of $600 million [2]. Formed in 2006, the NSF Engineering Research Center SynBerc [3] uses synthetic biology to build the tools and technologies to address challenges in healthcare, energy, and the environment. Collaborative projects between and among participants, rather than efforts limited to the research group of an individual participant, are the desired outcome. Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines, NSF awards $13 million toward research in cyber-physical systems | NSF - National Science Foundation, The Center of Advanced Materials for Purification of Water with Systems, http://www.wtec.org/loyola/nano/IWGN.Research.Directions/, Proposal & Award Policies Procedures Guide (PAPPG), MIT Washington Office. I don’t know how the modern world would be without the media coverage which, I suppose, a primitive darkness of information would be covering the world. To help you understand more about this type of validity, here are 10+ convergent validity examples you can check out. Edited by Sharp, Hockfield, and Jacks. 2009. Assessing Convergent and Discriminant Validity Example “Nanotechnology Research Directions”, National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), White House (WH), 230 pages, Washington, D.C.; Publ. For example, the genetic code to a dangerous virus could lead to harm if it is available publicly. For example, biochemistry, nanoscience, and neuroscience all emerged as interdisciplinary fields that eventually grew to become their own disciplines. 2014. Colorado State University’s Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP) [4] is pioneering the use of multi-scale modeling in the study of atmospheric processes. Sample Research Paper on Media Convergence. 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